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AQA 8525 · Section 3.2 · 3.2.8

Random
Numbers

RANDOM(x, y) · Simulations · Games & Modelling

CSZoneAQA GCSE Computer Science 8525
The RANDOM Function

Generating Random Numbers in AQA

RANDOM(x, y) — returns a random integer between x and y inclusive.
Both x and y are included in the possible results.
dice ← RANDOM(1, 6)
OUTPUT dice
← Could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6

coin ← RANDOM(0, 1)
← 0 = Heads, 1 = Tails
Key:RANDOM(1, 6) can return 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 — all six values are possible.
Using RANDOM in Programs

Practical Examples

DICE GAME
FOR i ← 1 TO 10
  roll ← RANDOM(1,6)
  OUTPUT 'You rolled: ' + STR(roll)
ENDFOR
RANDOM QUIZ QUESTION
qNum ← RANDOM(1, 20)
OUTPUT 'Question ' + STR(qNum)

x ← RANDOM(2,12)
y ← RANDOM(2,12)
OUTPUT STR(x) + ' × ' + STR(y) + ' = ?'
Why Use Random Numbers?

Real-World Uses

Games — dice rolls, card shuffles, enemy AI behaviour, spawn locations
Simulations — weather modelling, traffic flow, population studies
Security — generating passwords, salts, session tokens
Education — random quiz questions, shuffled tests
Note:Computers generate pseudo-random numbers using a mathematical algorithm — they're not truly random.
Exam Practice

Have a go at this question

AQA-style question
Write pseudocode to simulate rolling two dice 5 times and output the total of both dice each time.
4 marks
FOR i ← 1 TO 5
  dice1 ← RANDOM(1, 6)
  dice2 ← RANDOM(1, 6)
  total ← dice1 + dice2
  OUTPUT 'Total: ' + STR(total)
ENDFOR
Key Takeaways

What to Remember

RANDOM(x, y) — returns a random integer from x to y inclusive
RANDOM(1, 6) simulates a dice roll — all 6 values equally possible
Used in games, simulations, security and testing
Computers produce pseudo-random numbers — deterministic algorithms