System Software · Application Software · Utility Programs · Open Source vs Proprietary
CSZoneCambridge IGCSE Computer Science 0478
System Software
Software that Manages the Computer
Operating System (OS): manages hardware, memory, processes, files, and provides user interface. Examples: Windows 11, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.
Device drivers: translate OS commands into specific hardware instructions. Each device (printer, GPU) needs its own driver.
Utility programs: tools that manage and maintain the system. Examples: antivirus, disk defragmenter, backup software, file compression.
Application Software
Software for User Tasks
General purpose: used for many tasks. Word processors (MS Word), spreadsheets (Excel), web browsers (Chrome), presentation software.
Specific purpose: designed for one task. Payroll software, stock management, hospital patient records, CAD (Computer-Aided Design).
Bespoke (custom): built specifically for one organisation. Expensive but perfectly tailored. Examples: air traffic control systems, banking core systems.
Open Source vs Proprietary
Software Licensing
Open source: source code is publicly available. Free to use, modify, and distribute. Relies on community support. Examples: Linux, LibreOffice, Firefox, VLC.
Proprietary (closed source): source code is secret. Must pay for a licence. Official technical support provided. Examples: Windows, Microsoft Office, Photoshop.
Open source advantages: free, customisable; Disadvantage: less formal support, security depends on community
Exam Practice
Have a go at this question
Cambridge IGCSE 0478 style
A small business is deciding between open source and proprietary software. Give two advantages of using open source software.
2 marks
Any two from: free to use/download [1]; source code available so it can be customised to meet specific needs [1]; large community support through online forums [1]; frequent updates from community developers [1].
Key Takeaways
What to Remember
System software: OS, device drivers, utilities — manages hardware and system resources
Application software: general purpose, specific purpose, bespoke — for user tasks
Open source: free, customisable, community support; examples: Linux, LibreOffice